Sources

¹ Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. March 2009 Report to Congress, Chapter 3: The Medicare Advantage Program. http://www.medpac.gov/chapters/Mar09_Ch03.pdf

² Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. March 2009 Report to Congress, Chapter 3: The Medicare Advantage Program. http://www.medpac.gov/chapters/Mar09_Ch03.pdf

³ Neuman P. Medicare Advantage: Key Issues and Implications for Beneficiaries. Testimony before the House Committee on the Budget, United States House of Representatives, June 28, 2007. http://budget.house.gov/hearings/2007/06.28neuman_testimony.pdf

⁴ Neuman P. Medicare Advantage: Key Issues and Implications for Beneficiaries. Testimony before the House Committee on the Budget, United States House of Representatives, June 28, 2007. http://budget.house.gov/hearings/2007/06.28neuman_testimony.pdf

⁵ Mattes J. Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Health of the House Committee on Ways and Means, February 28, 2008. http://waysandmeans.house.gov/hearings.asp?formmode=view&id=6815

⁶ Angeles J, Park E. Curbing Medicare Advantage Overpayments Could Benefit Millions of Low-Income and Minority Americans. http://www.cbpp.org/files/2-19-09health.pdf

⁷ Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. March 2009 Report to Congress, Chapter 3: The Medicare Advantage Program. http://www.medpac.gov/chapters/Mar09_Ch03.pdf

⁸ Rick Foster, Office of the Actuary, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Letter to Congressman Stark, June 25, 2009.

⁹ Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary.

¹⁰ Congressional Budget Office. Letter to the Honorable Max Baucus. September 16, 2009.

¹¹ AARP, American Medical Association, and American Nurses Association Survey, September 9, 2009. http://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/PressReleases/2009-PR/AARP-AMA-ANA-Survey-Report.aspx

¹² Employee Benefit Research Institute, Savings Needed to Fund Health Insurance and Health Care Expenses
in Retirement, (Washington, DC: EBRI Issue Brief #295, July 2006).

¹³ Office of the Actuary. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

¹⁴ Zhang Y, Donohue JM, Newhouse JP et al. The Effects Of The Coverage Gap On Drug Spending: A Closer Look At Medicare Part D. Health Affairs 2009; 28(2): w317–w325.

¹⁵ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2008.

¹⁶ Estimated from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services payment rates for physician and outpatient hospital facilities, 2007. http://www.cms.hhs.gov/HealthCareConInit/04_Physician.asp#TopOfPage

¹⁷ Justice Department Announces Largest Health Care Fraud Settlement in its History. http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2009pres/09/20090902a.html

¹⁸ Congressional Budget Office. Letter to the Honorable Max Baucus. September 16, 2009.

¹⁹ Jencks SF, Williams MV, Coleman EA. Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service program. NEJM 2009;360:1418-28.

²⁰ Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. Payment Policy for Inpatient Readmissions. http://www.medpac.gov/chapters/Jun07_Ch05.pdf; inflated to 2009 dollars using CMS National Health Expenditure Accounts, http://www.cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/03_NationalHealthAccountsProjected.asp#TopOfPage

²¹ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. National Healthcare Quality Report 2008.

²² Grumbach K, Bodenheimer T and Grundy P. The Outcomes of Implementing Patient-Centered Medical Home Interventions: A Review of the Evidence on Quality, Access and Costs from Recent Prospective Evaluation Studies. http://familymedicine.medschool.ucsf.edu/cepc/pdf/outcomes%20of%20pcmh%20for%20White%20House%20Aug%202009.pdf

²³ Kemper P, Komisar H, Alecxih L. Long-term care over an uncertain future: What can current retirees expect? Inquiry 2005; 42(4): 335-350.

²⁴  National Clearinghouse for Long-Term Care Information. http://www.longtermcare.gov/LTC/Main_Site/Understanding_Long_Term_Care/Costs_Paying/index.aspx

²⁵  National Clearinghouse for Long-Term Care Information. http://www.longtermcare.gov/LTC/Main_Site/Understanding_Long_Term_Care/Costs_Paying/index.aspx

²⁶ AARP, American Medical Association, and American Nurses Association Survey, September 9, 2009. http://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/MediaResources/PressReleases/2009-PR/AARP-AMA-ANA-Survey-Report.aspx

²⁷ American Medical Association. Member Connect Survey: Physicians’ reactions to the Medicare physician payment cuts. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/399/mc_survey.pdf

²⁸ Reid RJ, Fishman PA, Yu O et al. Patient-centered medical home demonstration: A prospective, quasi-experimental, before and after evaluation. American Journal of Managed Care 2009; http://www.ajmc.com/articles/managed-care/ajmc_09sep_reidwebx_e71toe87/

²⁹ Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. A Databook: Healthcare Spending and the Medicare Program. June 2009. http://www.medpac.gov/documents/Jun09DataBookEntireReport.pdf

³⁰ Rural Health Research & Policy Analysis Center at the Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

³¹ Fordyce MA, Chen FM, Doescher MP, Hart LG. (2007). 2005 physician supply and distribution in rural areas of the United States. Final Report #116. Seattle, WA: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center, University of Washington.

³² 2009 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds. http://www.cms.hhs.gov/reportstrustfunds/downloads/tr2009.pdf.

²³ Office of the Actuary, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.