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	Sources ¹ Office of the Actuary, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. National Health Expenditure Projections 2008-2018. http://www.cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/proj2008.pdf ² Congressional Budget Office. http://www.cbo.gov/budget/factsheets/2009b/medicare.pdf ³ Office of the Actuary. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. ⁴ Employee Benefit Research Institute, Savings Needed to Fund Health Insurance and Health Care Expenses in Retirement, (Washington, DC: EBRI Issue Brief #295, July 2006). ⁵ 2009 Annual Report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds. http://www.cms.hhs.gov/ReportsTrustFunds/downloads/tr2009.pdf ⁶ Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. March 2009 Report to Congress, Chapter 3: The Medicare Advantage Program. http://www.medpac.gov/chapters/Mar09_Ch03.pdf ⁷ Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. March 2009 Report to Congress, Chapter 3: The Medicare Advantage Program. http://www.medpac.gov/chapters/Mar09_Ch03.pdf ⁸ Neuman P. Medicare Advantage: Key Issues and Implications for Beneficiaries. Testimony before the House Committee on the Budget, United States House of Representatives, June 28, 2007. http://budget.house.gov/hearings/2007/06.28neuman_testimony.pdf ⁹ Neuman P. Medicare Advantage: Key Issues and Implications for Beneficiaries. Testimony before the House Committee on the Budget, United States House of Representatives, June 28, 2007. http://budget.house.gov/hearings/2007/06.28neuman_testimony.pdf ¹⁰ Rick Foster, Office of the Actuary, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Letter to Congressman Stark, June 25, 2009. ¹¹ Department of Health and Human Services. Fiscal Year 2010 Budget in Brief. http://www.hhs.gov/asrt/ob/docbudget/2010budgetinbrief.pdf ¹² Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. ¹³ Congressional Budget Office. Letter to Congressman Rangel, July 17, 2009. ¹⁴ Office of the Actuary. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. ¹⁵ Zhang Y, Donohue JM, Newhouse JP et al. The Effects Of The Coverage Gap On Drug Spending: A Closer Look At Medicare Part D. Health Affairs 2009; 28(2): w317–w325. ¹⁶ McWilliams JM, Meara E, Zaslavsky AM et al. Use of Health Services by Previously Uninsured Medicare Beneficiaries. NEJM 2007; 357:143-153. ¹⁷ Anderson GF. Chronic Conditions: Making the Case for Ongoing Care. (Accessed June 1, 2008, at http://www.fightchronicdisease.com/news/pfcd/documents/ChronicCareChartbook_FINAL.pdf) ¹⁸ Thorpe K, Howard D. The Rise In Spending Among Medicare Beneficiaries: The Role Of Chronic Disease Prevalence And Changes In Treatment Intensity. Health Affairs 25 (2006): w378–w388. ¹⁹ Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW et al. Annual Medical Spending Attributable To Obesity: Payer-and Service-Specific Estimates Health Affairs 2009; 28(5): w822–w831. ²⁰ Darius N. Lakdawalla, Dana P. Goldman, and Baoping Shang *The Health And Cost Consequences Of Obesity Among The Future Elderly. Health* Affairs web exclusive, September 2005.** ²¹ Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. Report to the Congress: Medicare Payment Policy. March 2007. http://www.medpac.gov/documents/Mar07_EntireReport.pdf ²² Office of the Actuary, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. ²³ Congressional Budget Office. Letter to Congressman Rangel, July 17, 2009. ²⁴ American Medical Association. Member Connect Survey: Physicians’ reactions to the Medicare physician payment cuts. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/399/mc_survey.pdf ²⁵ Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. A Databook: Healthcare Spending and the Medicare Program. June 2009. http://www.medpac.gov/documents/Jun09DataBookEntireReport.pdf ²⁶ The National Advisory Committee on Rural Health, Medicare Reform: A Rural Perspective, A Report to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, May 2001; Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, Report to Congress: Medicare in Rural America, June 2001; Government Accountability Office, Ambulance Providers: Costs and Expected Medicare Margins Vary Greatly, GAO-07-383, May 2007. ²⁷ RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis. Rural Physicians’ Acceptance of New Medicare Patients. http://www.unmc.edu/ruprihealth/Pubs/PB2004-5.pdf ²⁸ Rural Health Research & Policy Analysis Center at the Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. ²⁹ Fordyce MA, Chen FM, Doescher MP, Hart LG. (2007). 2005 physician supply and distribution in rural areas of the United States. Final Report #116. Seattle, WA: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center, University of Washington. ³⁰ Kemper P, Komisar H, Alecxih L. Long-term care over an uncertain future: What can current retirees expect? Inquiry 2005; 42(4): 335-350. ³¹ http://www.longtermcare.gov/LTC/Main_Site/Understanding_Long_Term_Care/Costs_Paying/index.aspx ³² http://www.longtermcare.gov/LTC/Main_Site/Understanding_Long_Term_Care/Costs_Paying/index.aspx ³³ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2008. ³⁴ Jencks SF, Williams MV, Coleman EA. Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service program. NEJM 2009;360:1418-28. ³⁵ Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. Payment Policy for Inpatient Readmissions. http://www.medpac.gov/chapters/Jun07_Ch05.pdf ³⁶ Office of the Actuary, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.